“As China’s largest, highest-specified, and most well-preserved Han Dynasty tomb of the Yellow Intestine, the structure of Dingtao Han Tomb itself is a large cultural relic. With the advancement of dismantling and protection work, there are many related to it. The mystery may gradually be solved in a year." The famous archaeologist and former director of Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Architect Zheng Tongxiu presided over the archaeological excavation of Dingtao Han tomb for a long time. He disclosed the above information in an exclusive interview with a reporter from China News on the 14th.
After more than two thousand years in the dust, the Dingtao Han Tomb in Heze, Shandong, started rescue excavation in October 2010. According to the scale, specifications and preservation of the tomb, experts believe that it is currently the largest, highest-specified, and best-preserved "yellow intestine tomb" tomb in China. But to the surprise of the archaeologists, it was regrettable that the cleaned tomb did not contain any burial objects, and the identity of the owner of the tomb became a mystery. As the excavation progresses further, more mysteries are waiting to be solved.
"'Yellow Intestine Minato' was specifically used for emperor burial in ancient times, and ministers with special contributions and important princes and kings have to obtain the permission of the emperor to use it." Zheng Tongxiu explained that "yellow intestine" refers to the material of wood, " "Timing" refers to the building method of the building. Judging from the current archaeological discoveries, 16 have been discovered nationwide, all in the Western Han Dynasty, such as the Dabaotai Han Tomb in Beijing, the Tianshan Han Tomb in Gaoyou, Jiangsu, and the Shuangdun Han Tomb in Lu'an, Anhui, etc. It appeared already in the late Warring States Period.
Zheng Tongxiu further introduced that, unlike the "Yellow Intestine Tomb" unearthed in other places, the wood usage of Dingtao Han Tomb is initially estimated to be 2200 cubic meters, and the yellow intestine, coffin and cover are made of cypress, catalpa, nanmu and Hardwood pine, its unique tomb structure, exquisite architectural design and the amount of raw materials used are in full compliance with the "yellow bow inscription" burial system and the Han ritual system recorded in the literature. The tomb specifications are significantly higher than the tombs of the princes found in the past.
"Because the tomb was empty, there were no traces of the funerary objects, so the identity of the owner of the tomb was never confirmed by iron evidence. During the protection work after the cleaning of the tomb, only a small piece was found in the lower part of the entrance of the main tomb In the cave, there is a piece of bamboo hair, and a silk robe is contained in it." Zheng Tongxiu said that the Dingtao Kingdom was the vassal of the princes in the Han Dynasty. Before the first guess, the owner of the tomb may be related to the Dingtao king. With the deepening of archaeological work, he thought and found that although Dingtao State had a decisive status at that time, it was only a princely state, and the princely king's identity could not meet the specifications of Dingtao Han's tomb.
Tong Xiu said that combining the records, the location of the tomb and the specifications of the tomb, it is now speculated that the identity of the owner of the tomb is likely to be the wife of Dingtao Wang Liu Kang and the mother of Emperor Han Xin, Liu Xin. According to records, after the death of Emperor Hancheng, no heir could inherit the throne, so Liu Xin, the son of King Dingtao, was taken to Chang'an to make him the eleventh emperor of Han Dynasty, the emperor of Han Dynasty. The identity of his mother Ding Ji was the empress dowager. The burial system of the King of God.
Although no burial items have been found in Dingtao Han's tomb, a large amount of blue bricks are used for protection at the top and surrounding of the tomb. There are more than 13,000 blue bricks at the top of the tomb, together with the surrounding protection bricks There are 35,000 yuan.
"There are two layers of blue bricks on the top of the tomb. At present, there are more than 13,000 pieces of bricks. What is even more rare is that more than 90% of these blue bricks have text, and the forms include Zhu Shu, Mo Shu, scribing, stamping, etc. The content mainly involves the names of people and places." Zheng Tong introduced that these text tiles carry rich historical information. The so-called "Wu Legong's name, to test its success", presumably the above text recorded the place where the bricks were fired and the name of the craftsman.
In addition, during the dehydration protection experiment on the yellow bowel, archaeologists also found that each wood also has ink text information, the text information relates to the age, orientation number, size, and various official names. The two years of "Heping two years" and "four years since the founding of the founding" are both years of the period of Emperor Hancheng.
Zheng Tongxiu said that not only the year number can accurately infer the upper limit of the tomb’s age, but it can be further inferred that the wood used to construct the tomb should belong to the reserve of the treasury, and only the emperor has the right to call the treasury resources to build the tomb. The host is the strong evidence of the Empress Ding.
Tong Xiu told reporters that China's Han dynasty was economically developed, the social material foundation was good, people were active in thinking, pay attention to filial piety culture, and the wind of thick burial prevailed. Dingtao was regarded as "in the Central Plains" at the time, and it was a well-known economic city, military hub, and land and water transportation hub. "The excavation of Dingtao Han's tomb brought new thinking to the study of the tomb form of the "Yellow Intestinal Title", and it has special significance for the study of the tomb system of the Western Han Emperor's tomb."
With the advancement of tomb excavation, new discoveries are constantly made. The dismantling and protection project of Dingtao Wang's Tomb of Han Dynasty was launched at the end of 2019, which promoted the protection, research and utilization of Dingtao's Tomb of Han Dynasty. Zheng Tongxiu said that every time the excavation and dismantlement protection work is further advanced, new surprises will be discovered, and many phenomena he has never seen in archaeological work in the past. "It is expected that after one year, the dismantling and protection projects will be fully implemented, and many mysteries will gradually find a reasonable explanation."
Ding Tao Han Tomb was selected in 2011 "Six New Discovery of Chinese Archaeology" and "2012 Top Ten New Discovery of Chinese Archaeology". In 2013, it was announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.